Title | Sc2Mol: a scaffold-based two-step molecule generator with variational autoencoder and transformer. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Authors | Liao Z, Xie L, Mamitsuka H, Zhu S |
Journal | Bioinformatics |
Volume | 39 |
Issue | 1 |
Date Published | 2023 Jan 01 |
ISSN | 1367-4811 |
Keywords | Drug Discovery, Machine Learning |
Abstract | MOTIVATION: Finding molecules with desired pharmaceutical properties is crucial in drug discovery. Generative models can be an efficient tool to find desired molecules through the distribution learned by the model to approximate given training data. Existing generative models (i) do not consider backbone structures (scaffolds), resulting in inefficiency or (ii) need prior patterns for scaffolds, causing bias. Scaffolds are reasonable to use, and it is imperative to design a generative model without any prior scaffold patterns. RESULTS: We propose a generative model-based molecule generator, Sc2Mol, without any prior scaffold patterns. Sc2Mol uses SMILES strings for molecules. It consists of two steps: scaffold generation and scaffold decoration, which are carried out by a variational autoencoder and a transformer, respectively. The two steps are powerful for implementing random molecule generation and scaffold optimization. Our empirical evaluation using drug-like molecule datasets confirmed the success of our model in distribution learning and molecule optimization. Also, our model could automatically learn the rules to transform coarse scaffolds into sophisticated drug candidates. These rules were consistent with those for current lead optimization. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The code is available at https://github.com/zhiruiliao/Sc2Mol. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. |
DOI | 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac814 |
Alternate Journal | Bioinformatics |
PubMed ID | 36576008 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC9835482 |
Grant List | R01 GM122845 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States R01 AG057555 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States |