Sc2Mol: a scaffold-based two-step molecule generator with variational autoencoder and transformer.

TitleSc2Mol: a scaffold-based two-step molecule generator with variational autoencoder and transformer.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2023
AuthorsLiao Z, Xie L, Mamitsuka H, Zhu S
JournalBioinformatics
Volume39
Issue1
Date Published2023 Jan 01
ISSN1367-4811
KeywordsDrug Discovery, Machine Learning
Abstract

MOTIVATION: Finding molecules with desired pharmaceutical properties is crucial in drug discovery. Generative models can be an efficient tool to find desired molecules through the distribution learned by the model to approximate given training data. Existing generative models (i) do not consider backbone structures (scaffolds), resulting in inefficiency or (ii) need prior patterns for scaffolds, causing bias. Scaffolds are reasonable to use, and it is imperative to design a generative model without any prior scaffold patterns.

RESULTS: We propose a generative model-based molecule generator, Sc2Mol, without any prior scaffold patterns. Sc2Mol uses SMILES strings for molecules. It consists of two steps: scaffold generation and scaffold decoration, which are carried out by a variational autoencoder and a transformer, respectively. The two steps are powerful for implementing random molecule generation and scaffold optimization. Our empirical evaluation using drug-like molecule datasets confirmed the success of our model in distribution learning and molecule optimization. Also, our model could automatically learn the rules to transform coarse scaffolds into sophisticated drug candidates. These rules were consistent with those for current lead optimization.

AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The code is available at https://github.com/zhiruiliao/Sc2Mol.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

DOI10.1093/bioinformatics/btac814
Alternate JournalBioinformatics
PubMed ID36576008
PubMed Central IDPMC9835482
Grant ListR01 GM122845 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States
R01 AG057555 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States